The term cancer is used to describe a large group of diseases characterised by abnormal, invasive cell growth. These uncontrolled cells divide and attack tissues throughout various parts of the body. Cancer cells are able to spread and invade different areas of the body via the blood and lymph systems.
There are over one hundred different types of cancer. Often cancers are named after the organ in which the disease first develops. For example, cancer that originates in the lungs is referred to as ‘lung cancer’, although it may spread to other parts of the body.
Cancer is grouped into five main categories:
- Sarcoma: cancers that develop in cartilage, bone, fat, blood vessel, muscle, or other supportive or connective tissue.
- Carcinoma: cancers that develop in the tissue or skin that cover or line internal organs.
- Leukemia: cancers that develop in blood-forming tissues.
- Central nervous system: cancers that develop in the spinal cord and brain tissues
- Myeloma & Lymphoma: cancers that develop in the immune system cells.
Globally, the World Health Organisation (WHO) recognises cancer as the leading cause of death. In 2008, cancer was responsible for 7.6 million deaths worldwide1. According to the WHO, approximately 30 percent of deaths due to cancer are a result of lifestyle choices. Physical inactivity, tobacco and alcohol use, sexually transmitted HPV-infections, obesity, pollution exposure, and poor diets are all significant risk factors that can lead to the development of cancer.
